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Pathology Scope

Special Journal of Pathology, Immunology, and Cancer (PIC) will specifically accept for peer review and publication all manuscripts dealing with the following areas 

Pathology – General

Papers that may be considered under this section include but not limited to

• Genetic or congenital diseases development
• Acquired diseases,
• Inflammatory – Trauma, infections, immune, diseases,
• Neoplastic – tumors and cancer diseases, degenerative or aging diseases Metabolic, Iatrogenic and drug-induced.
•  Epidemiology –studies about disease distribution,
• Etiology –studies about microorganism causing the disease,
• Pathogenesis – studies on Evolution and mechanism of disease development, Morphology – Structural Changes induced in cell and tissues, Functional consequences of morphological changes

Etiology of diseases

• Etiology of diseases including “Knowledge of etiology, understanding
  the nature of diseases and predisposing factors of the reported diseases with a clearly defined epidemiological factors

• Diabetes and hypertension are multifactorial diseases environmental agents and genetic factors. It should be pointed out here that a special journal of pathology is interested in pathology or the induction, progression, and magnitude of disease state with the ultimate goal of outlining factors and characteristics that will lead to a better diagnostic state.

Pathogenesis of diseases

• Pathogenesis of diseases emphasis placed on the sequence events in the response of the cells or tissues to the etiologic agent, from the initial stimulus to the ultimate expression of the disease,” from the time it is initiated to its final conclusion in recovery or death”
• General pathology with details on the mechanisms of injury to cells and tissues, as well as the body’s means of responding to and repairing injury. Such papers may include details on the study of cellular adaptation to injury, necrosis, inflammation, wound healing, and neoplasia outlining the application of this knowledge to diagnose diseases in humans and animals.

Infection and Immunity

• We will accept papers from transplant (immuno-) pathology, immunopathology of chronic diseases such as asthma, and the spread of Microbialinfections through patients and populations. 

Systemic pathology

• Systemic pathology, of studied disease sites, including but not limited to cellular injury, death, adaptation, inflammation, immune deficiency syndromes, and selected respiratory, renal, RBC, CNS, genito-urinary, skin, and soft tissues, and endocrine pathologies.

Cellular Pathology

• Cellular Pathology, Cytopathology, histopathology, and Andrology –Studies on male infertility, and confirmation of sterility following male sterilization;  diagnostics and screening of samples collected using non-invasive and minimally invasive techniques to confirm diseases; examination of biopsy or excision material taken from a patient to detect and diagnose different disease conditions; disease progression or response to treatment and disease prevention, including papers on Post mortem investigations  

• Papers on novel approaches on both the physical exam of the tissue with the naked eye, as well as examining processed tissue under a microscope with the ultimate goal of improving the turnaround time from sample submission to release of results for use in patients management.
• Manuscripts with new techniques of examination of tissue and cell specimens involving molecular diagnostics (DNA/RNA analysis), benign(noncancerous) and malignant (cancerous), (noncancerous) and malignant (cancerous) white blood cells, detect early genetic changes that may result in cancer and Identify infectious agents in body tissues

Laboratory diagnosis

• The laboratory diagnosis of bodily fluids such as blood, urine, and tissues using the tools of chemistry, microbiology, hematology, and molecular pathology.
• The defects in the adaptive immune system and its innate immune counterpart, and how this defect can provoke illness or disease, such as inappropriate inflammation, autoimmune diseases, immunodeficiency disorders, and hypersensitivity reactions. Other aspects of Immunology will be reviewed and published by the special Journal of Immunology

•  Determining the cause of death by examination of a cadaver or dead bodies

Environmental and genetic factors

• How environmental factors (Chemical, Nutritional, Infections, Immunological, and Psychological factors) and genetic factors (age and genes) can precipitate pathology associated diseases will be considered provided authors provide many details to enable others to repeat the study and enough details to justify the publication of the manuscripts in special Journal of pathology.

Diagnostic pathology

• Diagnostic pathology outlining novel details on automation and analog use of diagnostic tools and apparatus such as Light Microscopy, Histochemistry, Immunohistochemistry, Electron Microscopy, Cell Culture, Molecular Pathology

Immunology scope

Under Immunology SJ-PIC will accept within its scope of publication for consideration original and peer-reviewed papers included but not limited to the following list:

T cell immunity,

1. T cell immunity, host defense, epithelial cell biology, and lung physiology; Immunologic mechanisms of severe and steroid insensitive asthma
2. Studies within our scope on Immune protection in HIV
3. Development of a preventative vaccine and immunotherapy against HIV infection
4. Viral-bacterial synergy in the lung; Bacterial toxin secretion via outer membrane vesicles; Mechanisms of chronic bacterial infections
5. Evasion and suppression of innate immune signaling by enteroviruses
6. Defining innate and adaptive immunity to fungal infections caused by Candida albicans and related species.
7. Immunology and pathogenesis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Animal models of arbovirus infection

1. Animal models of arbovirus infection; rational vaccine design and immune responses to vaccines; the role of innate immune responses in controlling arbovirus disease
2. HIV-1 and animal lentivirus antigenic variation; immune enhancement; AIDS vaccine development.
3. Vaccines and correlates of protection for pneumonic tularemia; aerosol infection of animals with highly pathogenic viruses and bacteria
4. Role of chemokines in the pathogenesis of HIV-1 and SIV; basic biology and inhibition of chemokines; roles played by lymphatic endothelial cells in infectious diseases and vaccines; vaccines for HIV-1, influenza, and cancer
5. Effects of immune-metabolism on infectious disease outcomes

Innate Immunity;

1. Innate Immunity; signaling process involved in cytokine production after virus infection; develop modulators for signaling pathways
2. Viral immunology; T-cell activation and function
3. Immunity and pathogenesis of human metapneumovirus
4. T cell immunity, host defense, epithelial cell biology, and lung physiology; Immunologic mechanisms of severe and steroid insensitive asthma
5. Targeting abnormal expression of MUC1 tumor antigen in Colitis-associated colon cancer and IBD
6. Immunology and pathogenesis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

T cell differentiation and cytokines

1. Role of T cell differentiation and cytokines in the context of human autoimmune diseases such as systemic sclerosis
2. Defining signal transduction mechanisms and biological function of IL-2 and IL-17 family cytokines, using in vitro and in vivo models
3. Role of the blood-brain barrier in encephalitic arbovirus diseases
4. HIV-related pulmonary diseases, COPD, Asthma, pulmonary hypertension
5. Mechanisms of asthma and tolerance–T cell, DC differentiation, signaling mechanisms (animal models of asthma, inducible transgenic techniques, genomics, and proteomics)

Transgenic models

1. Transgenic models of immune diseases of the lung (asthma, pulmonary fibrosis), mechanisms of DC maturation and interactions with T cells
2. Antigen processing and presentation; cross-priming; mechanisms of tumor immunology; immunosurveillance

Cytokines in autoimmune disorders

1. Cytokines in autoimmune disorders with a particular interest in IL-17 and IL-21; Biology of Th17 cells and T Follicular helper cells; Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) and Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA); Identify novel therapeutic targets in SLE and RA
2. Transcriptional control of V(D)J recombination; aging and the immune system; NK cell development and function
3. Immunometabolism, mechanisms of T cell exhaustion, metabolism in regulatory T cell biology
4. Defining signal transduction mechanisms and biological function of IL-2 and IL-17 family cytokines, using in vitro and in vivo models
5. Signal transduction pathways that control T cell activation

Basic immunologic mechanisms

1. Basic immunologic mechanisms,” with the descriptors: Innate immunity induction after arbovirus infection; interferon system activity and antagonism in the virus-infected host
2. Skin genetic immunization; immunobiology of skin; bone marrow-derived DCs
3. Th1/Th2 differentiation; autoimmunity
4. Autoimmunity and chronic inflammatory disease; Activation and regulation of Th17 cells; IL-23 and other cytokines that modulate inflammation; In vivo modeling of human autoimmune disease
5. Th1/Th2 regulation; autoimmunity; human NK cell biology

Transcriptional and epigenetics

1. Transcriptional and epigenetic control of T cell differentiation
2. Regular of apoptosis in T lymphocytes; tumor immunity
3. Studies within our scope on Th subsets; immunology of lung
4. Immunology of lung; the role of AKT in immune function
5. Innate Immunity; signaling process involved in cytokine production after virus infection; develop modulators for signaling pathways

Autoimmunity; Blood or Blood Products

1. Autoimmunity; Blood or Blood Products or Transfusions; Bone Marrow Transplantation; Immunobiology; Immunology; Immunopathology; Immunotherapy; Lymphocytes; Transgenic Animals
2. Cytokine immunobiology; Innate immune cell regulation of immunity and tolerance; Transplant immunology; Alarmins; Characterization and application of regulatory immune cells in transplantation
3. Immunology of aging; biology of inflammation
4. Regulatory T cell biology, including  immune modulation and identification of novel Treg molecules and their function
5. Human T cell biology; tumor immunology; transplant immunology  
6. Skin genetic immunization; immunobiology of skin; bone marrow-derived DCs

Tumor immunology

1. Tumor immunology; dendritic cell biology; cytokine biology; regulation of apoptosis in immune effectors
2. T cell-mediated tumor immunity and autoimmunity
3. Thl/Th2 regulation; autoimmunity; NK cell biology
4. Tumor immunology; dendritic cell biology
5. Regulation of apoptosis in T lymphocytes; tumor immunity
6. Natural killer cell and CTL antitumor targeting mechanisms

B and T lymphocytes

1. B and T lymphocytes interaction and development in response to antigen challenge, how responses are initiated by dendritic cells and dampened by regulatory cells
2. Surface receptors and ligands involved in intercellular communication within the immune system, and the analysis of the role of each molecular and cellular component over time in vivo
3. Studies within our scope on the Immune Regulation of Disease combine research into autoimmunity and parasite immunology with emphasis on immune evasion by long-lived parasite pathogens, as well as the factors controlling immune pathologies such as autoimmune diseases and allergy

Design of immunological interventions

1. Design of immunological interventions to ameliorate pathology or to enhance host immunity, in conjunction with new vaccines against parasites
2. The Molecular Biology and Genetics of Parasites tailored to defined antigens in malaria parasites with the ultimate goal of new vaccines development 
3. Trypanosome molecular biology aims to understand cell cycle control and differentiation with a view to novel drug development
4. The molecular biology of helminth parasites (worms) is also under study in Immunology and Infection
5. Cross-presentation “describes a mechanism of antigen-presentation, where exogenous antigen (Ag) is presented via MHC class I molecules to CD8 T cells. This mechanism is thought to be especially important for anti-tumor-responses and tolerance induction of self-reactive CD8 T cells

The CD8 T cell avidity

1. The CD8 T cell avidity for its target cell determines the efficacy of tumor-cell- lysis and killing. This avidity is determined by the genetically encoded T cell receptor (TCR) as well as by immunoregulatory surface molecules expressed by T cells. In this project, we will analyze a further level of regulation, the so-called „T cell tuning“, where the threshold of T cell activation seems to be critically determined by the actual T cell environment
2. The CD8 T cell avidity for its target cell determines the efficacy of tumor-cell- lysis and killing. This avidity is determined by the genetically encoded T cell receptor (TCR) as well as by immunoregulatory surface molecules expressed by T cells. In this project, we will analyze a further level of regulation, the so-called „T cell tuning“, where the threshold of T cell activation seems to be critically determined by the actual T cell environment

Antigen processing and presentation;

1. Antigen processing and presentation; cross-priming; mechanisms of tumor immunology; immunosurveillance
2. Metabolism of antitumor immunity, tumor immunotherapy
3. Vaccines; Ag Processing; Cutaneous Immunobiology
4. Development of novel immunotherapeutic approaches to head and neck tumors
5. Papers with details in tumor immunology are on the leading edge of research in tumor antigen discovery, antigen presentation with special emphases on dendritic cells, lymphocyte specificity and activation, cytokine action, and in vivo vaccination strategies to develop safe and effective treatments for cancer by enhancing anti-cancer immune responses.
6. Related studies in this area include the search for underlying genetic or biochemical defects that lead to cell transformation and tumorigenesis, which may also influence tumor immunogenicity.

Intracellular signal transduction

1. These studies emphasize intracellular signal transduction, programmed cell death, and oncogene function. Members also study the development, activation, and function of natural killer cells

Cancer

 Cancer requires a specialized information hub and hence the need to selectively organize this journal. Therefore special Journal of Cancer will pay particular attention to but not limited to the following research areas:

Cancer Biology, Cancer Causes, Cancer diagnosis, cancer imaging, cancer prevention, cancer treatment, Public health cancer and Cancer disparities scope(s) respectively

Cancer Biology scope

Accept papers on Cancer Biology scope may include the following

1. the metabolism of cancer cells, the responses of cancer cells to stress, and mechanisms involved in the control of the cell cycle
2. biological agents (such as viruses and bacteria), host factors (such as obesity, co-morbid conditions, and age), and behaviors (such as dietary intake) that may cause or contribute to the development of cancer
3. immune regulation of the development and spread of tumors and approaches to improve immune targeting and destruction of cancer cells
4. genomic instability and related molecular, cytogenetic, and chromosomal effects during induction and progression to malignancy
5. the role of the microenvironment created by inflammation and the inflammatory signaling molecules in the formation and progression of tumors
6. processes and molecular targets where there is potential for therapeutic or preventive intervention
7. the effects of hypoxia on tumor cell invasion and metastasis
8. the role of somatic stem cells in determining tumor progression and metastatic behavior, and control of the stem cell niche by the tumor microenvironment
9. Papers with details on how to determine the cell of origin for brain and hematopoietic tumors and how to explore the use of three-dimensional images of single cells as cancer markers. Consortia of Physical Sciences (engineers, physicists, mathematicians, chemists, and computer scientists)  and Cancer Researchers (cancer biologists, oncologists, and pathologists) may be of help in this research
10. Papers that expand on how combining advanced experimental approaches with mathematical and computational protocols can help build and test prognostic cancer models capitalizing on the multidisciplinary approach to cancer research to augment our current understanding of tumor development and progression. This is expected to improve the lives of cancer patients.
11. Papers with details on how to decrease the incidence, morbidity, and mortality of esophageal adenocarcinoma through the study of the biology, precursor lesions, risk stratification, and prediction, and prevention strategies.
12. Papers with details on the cancer-related dynamics of complex carbohydrates with an emphasis on the relationships between Cancer and the structure and function of some glycans  
13. Papers with details on a comprehensive molecular and cellular characterization of tumor tissue, cell, and microenvironment components to distinguish screen-detected early lesions from the interval and symptom-detected cancers. Such papers should outline how to better predict the fate of early lesions by describing both the cellular and molecular phenotypes of such early lesions,
14. Papers that systematically identify proteins that result from genetic alterations in cancer cells, and shows how they affect biological processes.
15. Papers that use the latest genomic and proteomic research methods to more rapidly and accurately identify effective drugs to treat cancer based on the proteo-genomic profile of a patient’s tumor.  
16. Papers with details on the mechanisms involved in chromosome function through mapping the dynamic changes of the genome and transcriptome during the development of cancer and translational research for the early diagnosis of cancer.
17. Papers with details on how to use advanced analytic technologies to define homogenous clusters of patients, who can then be treated with appropriate therapies.  

Research on Causes of Cancer

In the causes of Cancer research scope, we will accept

1. Papers on new and improved techniques for measuring risk factors and exposures to potential causes of cancer with emphasis on papers that estimate radiation exposures and associated uncertainties among an exposed population  
2. Papers which identify cancer causes and associated risk factors including interactions between genes and environmental exposures that have been associated with cancer  
3. Papers with details on how to identify the specific genetic changes involved in naming chromosomal regions associated with cancer risk in certain populations and to understand how they play a role in the development of cancer.
4. Papers with details on the exposures and risk factors that cause cancer, as well as the genetic basis for cancer development.
5. Papers with details on how to identify factors (including environmental, lifestyle, and genetic) that may influence cancer risk. 

Cancer Causes: Environmental and Behavioral Risk Factors  

In the environmental risk behavior scope, we will accept papers that seek to identify and evaluate a range of exposures and risk factors that may be associated with cancer causes scope, including but not limited to:

1. Substances in the environment and workplace, such as chemicals and air and water pollutants. Is heavy exposure to diesel exhaust associated with an increased risk of lung cancer?
2. Infectious agents, such as viruses and bacteria. What is the role of HPV in the development of cervical and other cancers? This work has helped improve screening approaches and demonstrated the effectiveness of the HPV vaccine.
3. Radiation, both ionizing and nonionizing.
4. Pharmaceutical agents, exogenous and endogenous hormones. Does exposure to diethylstilbestrol have adverse health effects, including cancer?
5. Papers with details on behavioral and lifestyle factors, such as diet and nutrition, tobacco use, alcohol use, energy balance, physical activity, obesity, cancer screening behavior, and sun protection.  
6. Papers on immune system status and inflammation. Such papers must provide  population-based data on cancer risk and trends among the HIV-infected population

Cancer Causes: Genetic Factors

Within the scope of Genetic factors, we will accept papers with details about changes in an individual’s genes, including gene mutations, genetic modifiers, and polymorphisms, that can alter his or her lifetime risk of cancer. To explain the scope of the genetic factors that influences a person’s risk for cancer, we will accept papers with details in

1. human genetic studies to identify and validate key susceptibility genes and their modifiers  
2. genetic and environmental factors that influence the cancer epigenome
3. the role of inherited or acquired genetic alterations, in combination with lifestyle factors and environmental exposures, as important determinants of an individual’s cancer susceptibility
4. new tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes, and their mechanisms of action
5. mapping, and characterizing genes and chromosome regions that are involved in tumor initiation and progression
6. We want papers within this cope that seeks to understand the mechanisms by which external exposures and risk factors induce and promote cancer.
7. We want papers within this scope that give details on the role of biological agents and host factors that contribute to cancer; the role of the microbiome in cancer development and the influence of aging on cancer susceptibility including the mechanisms by which carcinogens initiate and promote tumor development.
8. We want papers that clarify mechanisms that influence tumor initiation, promotion, and progression, including those associated with lifestyle, the environment, inflammation, the immune system, viruses, and host-tumor interaction.

Cancer Diagnosis 

1. We want papers within cancer diagnosis scope with details on diagnostic tools that can: help determine the impending risk of cancer, help determine the extent of cancer within the body (staging), classify groups of patients with tumors that share certain genetic changes, inform decisions about treatment, such as identifying the treatment that is most likely to be effective for a given patient, assess a patient’s response to treatment and monitor a patient for a recurrence of cancer
2. Papers on Cancer diagnosis that includes the use of molecular and cytogenetic markers to collect additional information about the tumor.  
3. Papers within this scope that highlights the study of cancer with the use of Omics tests such as those based on such disciplines as genomics, epigenomes, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics. 
4. Papers on the advances in technology to develop and test new imaging methods in cancer diagnosis such as the use of an image-guided biopsy for the detection of prostate cancer which identified men with high-risk disease than standard biopsy, while also reducing the detection of low-risk disease that may not need treatment.
5. Papers that establishing the predictive value of diagnostic tools while taking care of the heterogeneity of cancers and variation in clinical courses,  
6. Papers that outlines the limitation of more than 20 tumor markers that are currently in use are needed because not everyone with a particular type of cancer will have a higher level of a tumor marker associated with that cancer.  
7. Papers seeking to develop ways to monitor, in real-time, molecular changes within tumors over the course of treatment and beyond, particularly for tumors that are poorly accessible. 
8. Papers that deal with the development of tests and imaging technologies which can provide specific information about an individual’s cancer and the development of diagnostic tools that can be used in laboratory research.
9. Papers that seek to develop diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers, novel technologies and bio-specimen resources and science with an emphasis on the development of innovative in vitro diagnostics, novel diagnostic technologies, and appropriate human specimens to better characterize cancers and allow improved medical decision making and evaluation of response to treatment.
10. Papers that seeks to determine whether matching certain drugs or drug combinations in adults whose tumors have specific gene abnormalities will effectively treat their cancer, regardless of their cancer type.
11. Papers in this scope should how to use a gene-based test to determine whether a panel of genes frequently associated with the risk of recurrence in women with early-stage breast cancer can be used to assign patients to the most appropriate and effective treatment.
12. Papers that seeks to improve our understanding of cancer by increasing researchers’ availability and access to quality biospecimens and related clinical data.  

Cancer imaging scope

1. Papers in this scope should outline the use of imaging techniques to noninvasively diagnose cancer and the identification of disease subsets in patients.
2. Papers that focus on the development and testing of promising biomarkers or technologies to improve risk assessment and the early detection of cancer.  
3. Papers within this scope that seeks to reduce the number of over-diagnosed tumors by studying the biology of indolent tumors, those lesions that tend to grow slowly, to understand their progression from benign to invasive cancer.  

 Cancer Prevention

Studies in this scope should more clearly define how cancer develops and identified factors that can influence cancer risk are paving the way for important advances in cancer prevention.

1. We will accept papers with details on the testing of new approaches to prevent cancer. Such approaches may include but not limited to:

Cancer Screening and Early Detection Research

1. development of “liquid biopsy” technologies that can noninvasively identify the presence of genetic material from cancer cells in the blood or molecular markers in urine or saliva that can identify precursor lesions or cancer at its earliest stages
2. identification and validation of biomarkers that may distinguish aggressive, life-threatening cancers from non-life-threatening tumors
3. identification of genetic changes that point to potential avenues for more effectively monitoring people at increased risk of cancer
4. testing of interventions, such as the use of health navigators and tailored outreach and education plans, to increase the use of approved, effective screening tests among certain population groups
5. better quantification of the benefits and harms of screening tests, as well as the relative contributions of cancer screening and improvements in treatment on mortality rates

The advancement of the science of early detection 

2. Discovering and validating biomarkers that can help diagnose cancer at its earliest stages.
3. Increased detection sensitivity in cancer studies that will distinguish between those that are likely to progress and those that would never threaten life or cause symptoms.
4. Imaging modalities for the early detection of cancer correlated with similar biomarker studies to ultimately improve the overall efficacy of screening while reducing the number of false-positive screening tests.
5. Identification of the genetic causes of some hereditary cancers such as melanoma and the genetic factors behind cancer-predisposition syndromes with the ultimate goal of helping to better understand the molecular background of nonhereditary cancers and identify people at increased cancer risk who may need to be closely monitored for the development of those cancers.

Cancer screening accuracy

2. Research papers in this scope that seek to improve the accuracy of cancer screening tests, how they are used, and that expands the use of and access to tests that have been shown to reduce cancer mortality a year. 
3. Papers that deal with comprehensive molecular and cellular analyses of tumor tissue and components of the tumor microenvironment, with the goal of characterizing the differences between early noninvasive and invasive lesions detected through cancer screening and cancers that arise between screenings, called interval cancers, and cancers detected by symptoms.
4. Papers that improve screening for cervical cancer, including how to most effectively apply modern testing for the human papillomavirus into the highly successful  Pap testing,  
5. Papers in this scope that better understand and improve how screening for breast, colorectal, and cervical cancer is conducted in everyday practice and includes studies that explain the ways to increase screening among population groups for whom screening rates have been low and to ensure that patients who undergo screening receive the appropriate follow-up care.

Cancer Treatment Research scope 

1. We want papers that highlights the ability of tumors to develop their own blood supplies, manipulate the immune system to tamp down immune responses, recruit normal cells to help them grow and ignore signals that normally tell old or damaged cells to die.
2. Papers with details on the development of targeted therapies with emphasis on treatments that target the specific changes, most often in proteins, that underlie the growth and development of cancer and also against tumors from other sites that carry the same alterations.
3. Papers with details on the mechanisms of drug resistance (either to traditional chemotherapy drugs or to newer targeted therapies) and identify ways to overcome it with the ultimate goal of providing answers to the relative possibility that a drug might be effective in one part of a person’s tumor but not in another
4. Papers on how to optimize the immune response to eradicate cancer while avoiding runaway responses that cause autoimmune damage to normal tissues and also how to determine why current immunotherapies work in some patients but not in others.
5. Papers with details on how best to deliver lethal doses of radiation therapy to tumors while sparing the surrounding normal tissues from harm and development of effective treatments to alleviate the side effects of all forms of cancer therapy.
6. Papers on developing effective cancer treatment vaccines with emphasis on a detailed description of how the immune system cells and cancer cells interact.  
7. Papers on Immunotherapies clearly showing how treatment agents can stimulate the activities of specific components of the immune system or counteract signals produced by cancer cells that suppress immune responses, thereby making recovery possible.  

 Public Health Cancer scope

• Cancer and its burden on a population-wide scale with emphasis on,
• large database of cancer patients for the identification of  trends or issues that affect cancer patients and survivors
• behavioral patterns investigations that can influence cancer risk or cancer recurrence (such as tobacco use, diet, and screening practices)
• how inherited genetic factors and occupational, environmental, medical, and other exposures contribute to cancer risk
• patterns of cancer care in different health care settings
• the economics of cancer and how the health care system affects screening practices, access to care, and post-treatment behaviors
• ways to improve cancer control plans

Improvement cancer-related public health challenges 

1. Papers within this scope with details on the economics of cancer and its impact on patients, their families, and survivors. Such studies should emphasize on “financial toxicity” of treatment to help clinicians work with their patients to better understand the costs of treatment and educate policymakers as they consider new laws and regulations that affect treatment costs and payment policies.
2. Papers within this scope that uses statistical modeling to improve the understanding of the population-wide impact of cancer control interventions, from screening to treatment.  
3. Papers on the relationships between obesity, energy balance, nutrition, physical activity, and cancer risk.
4. Papers within this scope with details on ways to improve physical activity and diet among survivors, help survivors manage psychological issues such as depression and anxiety, and to manage physiologic effects such as lymphedema and sexual dysfunction.
5. Papers on the risk factors—related to treatment, lifestyle, and genetics—for the development of second primary cancers.
6. Papers that point to possible interventions for reducing cancer risk, such as suggesting ways to alter treatments without sacrificing efficacy and guiding the follow-up care of cancer survivors.

Cancer Health Disparities Research scope

1. Papers with details in cancer health disparities scope, such as the higher cancer death rates, less frequent use of proven screening tests, and higher rates of advanced cancer diagnoses among certain populations as compared with others.
2. Papers that seeks to outline Cancer health disparities which include but not limited to: a higher incidence of the triple-negative subtype of breast cancer, prostate cancer incidence, kidney cancer liver cancer cervical cancer incidence and death among and their racial distribution
3. Papers that seeks to understand why some groups of people may be more or less likely to develop cancer, experience cancer-related health problems, or die from cancer than other groups of people.
4. Papers with details in developing ways to improve access to quality cancer care—from access to smoking cessation platforms and recommended cancer screenings to timely treatment—
5. Papers with details on the genetic and biological basis of health disparities in several cancers, including lung, prostate, and breast cancer.
6. Papers that use epidemiological and translational research strategies to identify risk factors and pathways that influence tumor development and progression and conduct studies on the molecular basis for disparities in breast cancer outcome and how they are influenced by non-biological factors.
7. Papers that better understand some of the potential factors that may influence cancer disparities. Such as survival rates for women diagnosed with breast cancer improved with whites but not blacks
8. Papers that investigate environmental and genetic factors to better understand why African American men disproportionally experience aggressive disease compared with men of other racial and ethnic groups.
9. Papers that identify and understand the role of biology in disparities, to cancer prevention, access to treatment, and survivorship care.